"The nation’s air, land, and marine transportation systems are designed for accessibility and
efficiency, two characteristics that make them highly vulnerable to terrorist attack. While
hardening the transportation sector from terrorist attack is difficult, measures can be taken to
deter terrorists. The dilemma facing Congress is how best to construct and finance a system of
deterrence, protection, and response that effectively reduces the possibility and consequences of
another terrorist attack without unduly interfering with travel, commerce, and civil liberties.
Aviation security has been a major focus of transportation security policy since the terrorist
attacks of September 11, 2001. In the aftermath of these attacks, the 107th Congress moved
quickly to pass the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA; P.L. 107-71) creating the
Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and mandating a federalized workforce of security
screeners to inspect airline passengers and their baggage. Recent events, such as the destruction
of a Russian passenger jet above the Sinai Peninsula on October 31, 2015, apparently by a bomb
aboard the aircraft, have renewed concerns about the adequacy of passenger and cargo screening.
Similarly, bombings in Brussels, Belgium, on March 22, 2016, renewed concerns over the
security vulnerabilities of airport terminals and mass transit stations..."
Transportation security
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