The 2010 Oil Spill: Natural Resource Damage Assessment Under the Oil Pollution Act
"The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill leaked an estimated 4.1 million barrels of oil into the Gulf
of Mexico, damaging the waters, shores, and marshes, and the fish and wildlife that live there.
The Oil Pollution Act (OPA) establishes a process for assessing the damages to those natural
resources and assigning responsibility for restoration to the parties responsible. BP was named the responsible party for the spill. The Natural Resources Damage Assessment (NRDA) process
allows Trustees of affected states and the federal government (and Indian tribes and foreign
governments, if applicable) to determine the levels of harm and the appropriate remedies.

The types of damages that are recoverable include the cost of replacing or restoring the lost
resource, the lost value of those resources if or until they are recovered, and any costs incurred in assessing the harm. Claims by individuals or businesses are not allowed, as all injuries are to the resources managed by state, federal, tribal, or foreign governments. OPA allows recovery from
the responsible parties for harm resulting from response efforts, which in this case could include
in situ burning, use of dispersants, and vehicle traffic on shores and marshes. The $20 billion
escrow fund set up by BP in June 2010 is not for government NRDA claims, but it can be used to
reimburse individual losses of subsistence use of natural resources, primarily lost fishing
opportunities, which are covered by OPA..."