"In the ongoing energy debate in Congress, one recurring issue has been whether to allow oil and
gas development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR, or the Refuge) in northeastern
Alaska. ANWR is rich in fauna and flora and also has significant oil and natural gas potential.
Energy development in the Refuge has been debated for more than 50 years. On December 20,
2017, President Trump signed into law P.L. 115-97, which provides for an oil and gas program on
ANWR’s Coastal Plain. The Congressional Budget Office estimated federal revenue from the
program’s first two lease sales at $1.1 billion, but actual revenues may be higher or lower
depending on market conditions and other factors. This report discusses the oil and gas program
in the context of the Refuge’s history, its energy and biological resources, Native interests and
subsistence uses, energy market conditions, and debates over protection and development..."
Arctic National Wildlife
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