Passports: Current Regulations
"Prior to 2007, little or no documentation was required to enter the United States from Canada,
Mexico, Bermuda, or the Caribbean. In December 2004, with the 9/11 Commission
recommending tighter borders to help prevent another terrorist attack, Congress passed the
Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), which now requires passports for anyone entering
the United States. As of mid-2009, approximately 30% of American citizens hold a passport.

After the January 2007 implementation of phase I of the new passport regulations (requiring
passports when entering by air), the Department of State was deluged with passport applications.
The time necessary to get a passport expanded from the typical four to six weeks to several
months, ruining many Americans’ travel plans.

On January 31, 2008, another change occurred. Government-issued proof of identity and
citizenship documents are required to enter the United States from Canada, Mexico, Bermuda,
and the Caribbean, according to the Department of Homeland Security. People under the age of
18, however, are allowed to present only proof of citizenship, such as a birth certificate.

Phase II, implemented on June 1, 2009, adds to the existing requirements that travelers have
passports for all land and sea crossings. U.S. or Canadian children under the age of 16, however,
are allowed to present an original or copy of their birth certificate or other proof of citizenship. Groups of U.S. or Canadian children under the age of 19, when traveling in church or school groups, social groups, or sports teams, and when entering under adult supervision, also can
present birth certificates or other proof of citizenship, rather than a passport..."